The Three Pig Rulings
Most Scarterran trials are conducted by feudal lords. The concept of constitutional monarchies has not really caught on in Scarterra yet, so feudal lords have a lot of leeway in how to dispense justice. That said lords that want to keep the respect of their peers and subjects should try to stick to recognized norms of legal tradition.
One commonly accepted legal tradition in Scarterra is "The Tradition of Three-Fold Compensation" but most commoners call it "The Three Pig Rule". In East Colassia and Penarchia it is known as the "Three Goat Rule".
Usually, the pig in question is a metaphor pig, not a literal pig. If one person commits measurable economic harm to another and it can proven, than the perpetrator owes triple damages, whatever form that takes. If con artist defrauds you out of 10 silver pieces, they owe their would-be victim 30 silver pieces. If a miller is caught using rigged scales to embezzle 10 pounds of flour, he owes 30 pounds of flour.
Ideally, the offending party will pay triple restitution in goods in kind, but this is not always possible. A person who already has three pigs is unlikely to want to steal a fourth pig. Three pigs can take the form of coins or other goods or even indentured labor, whatever the judge views as equivalent value.
The Three Pig Rule normally applies to non-violent offenses only. Stealing a pig after beating someone up or threatening them with a knife is a much more serious offense than sneaking out of your neighbor's barn, so the punishment is going to be much more severe.
The Three Pig Rule is a broad guideline applied to civil disputes. If one Scarterran unjustly slays or takes possession of a pig and the aggrieved party can prove this legal claim, than the perpetrator must offer three pigs in restitution. If they can't or won't provide the restitution, than a more severe criminal punishment will be imposed.
History
Due to the existence and great importance of the Nine, Scarterrans like to put a lot of weight on the number nine, but they also put a lot weight on the number three, because the number nine is a trinity of trinities.
Paying restitution nine-fold is considered an excessive punishment for a most crimes, so three-fold restitution seemed natural. This tradition seems to go back to the Second Age if not before though they didn't call it "The Three Pig" rule in previous areas.
In modern times, this is mostly a human tradition with a majority of feudalistic human dominated realms having some variation of the Tradition of Three-Fold Compensation. It is also used in Elven Empire (they claim that they invented the practice and then humans copied them), but it is not commonly seen in other lands ruled by non-humans.
Execution
Sadly for the aggrieved party, a person who lost a pig usually doesn't usually get to walk away with three pigs. They usually walk away with two pigs. The judge has legal right to take one of the three pigs as compensation for his time and effort. If the subject is more divisible than livestock such coins or grain, than the judge will take only a sixth of the restitution as payment.
The judge (usually a relatively low ranking noble like a Baron) has the option to forgo his payment or accept a lower form of payment. They might do this if they are especially sympathetic to the victim or if they want to cultivate "A man of the people" image.
Participants
Usually the Three Pig Rule is applied when two peasants have a dispute, and it is usually presided over by a low ranking nobleman such as a knight or a baron though in some larger towns and cities, a king or other high lord might appoint a minister to act as a part-time or full-time judge for local disputes.
It is possible that Tradition of Three-Fold Compensation can be applied in disputes between nobles. Two counts might have a dispute that needs to mediated by a duke or a king. The same basic principles apply but things get messy and political headwinds can easily get in the way of the facts of the dispute and the material dispute over "pigs" might really be a thinly veiled cover for a larger feud.
The issue can also get complicated in a dispute between if they are technically social equals but not really. A simple farmer and a rich merchant are both commoners, but they are not really equals. The same thing easily happens with nobles. Even though highborn are supposed to be social equals with other highborn, informal noble status is complicated and fluid. A lord who is fifth in line to inherit a title from a minor house is certainly below a lord first in line to inherit a title from a major house but in theory they have the same legal standing.
It gets really messy when social status of the feuding parties are clearly unequal. The Three Pig Rule tends go out the window when a commoner wrongs a noble or a noble wrongs a commoner.
If a noble supposedly wrongs a commoner, judges will normally rule in favor of the higher status individual automatically unless there is overwhelming evidence backing the commoner's claim. A commoner that commits petty theft or fraud against noble is likely to face a much harsher penalty than paying three-fold restitution since the noble is probably more concerned with maintaining face than he is with materially recovering his losses.
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